The history of High Point, NC, is marked by its establishment in 1859, its rise as a transportation hub, and its title as the ‘Furniture Capital of the World.’ Learn about High Point’s growth through railroads, the booming furniture and textile industries, significant Civil Rights Movement moments, and the evolution of its educational and cultural institutions.
Key Takeaways
- High Point, NC, became a significant transportation hub in the 19th century, leading to its economic growth and the establishment of the furniture and textile industries.
- The city is renowned as the ‘Furniture Capital of the World’ and hosts the High Point Market, a major global trade show that significantly contributes to the local economy.
- High Point’s history is marked by its role in the Civil Rights Movement, particularly the Woolworth’s sit-ins of 1960, which spurred community engagement and cultural pride.
The Birth of High Point
The roots of High Point, North Carolina, can be traced back to its strategic location along the North Carolina Railroad, which was pivotal in connecting critical regions of the state. This advantageous positioning, coupled with the establishment of the Western Plank Road in the mid-19th century, laid the foundation for High Point’s early economic development. By 1860, North Carolina had developed nearly 500 miles of plank roads, which significantly boosted transportation and commerce.
Named for being the highest point on the North Carolina Railroad line, High Point was officially incorporated on May 26, 1859. The combination of rail and plank road transport initially fueled the city’s growth, allowing it to thrive before modern transportation methods emerged. High Point quickly emerged as a key transportation hub, cementing its place in the annals of North Carolina’s history.
Becoming the Furniture Capital
High Point’s transformation into the “Furniture Capital of the World” began in earnest with the planning of the first furniture exposition in 1905. J.J. Farris, a prominent advocate, played a crucial role in bringing this vision to life. The success of these early shows laid the groundwork for what would become the High Point Market, now the largest home furnishings industry trade show in the world. The market attracts over 75,000 attendees annually, including 40,000 retailers and designers from across the globe, generating significant economic benefits for the region.
High Point’s furniture industry rapidly grew, with profits in millions of dollars. This boom led to the establishment of numerous furniture companies and factories, solidifying High Point’s reputation as a global leader in furniture production. The High Point Market, governed by the High Point Market Authority, continues to be a cornerstone of the city’s economy, supporting approximately 42,427 total jobs in the region.
The American Home Furnishings Hall of Fame, located in High Point, celebrates the history and contributions of the home furnishings industry through interactive exhibits. This institution, along with the thriving furniture market, underscores High Point’s enduring legacy as a center of craftsmanship and innovation in the furniture industry.
Industrial Growth and the Textile Boom
Parallel to its rise in the furniture industry, High Point also saw significant growth in its textile sector. The first cotton mill, Willowbrook, was established in 1880 and later became known as Empire Cotton and Plaid Mill. By the early 1900s, advancements in transportation and steam-powered technology had led to the establishment of numerous mills. By 1923, High Point boasted 26 textile plants, with hosiery mills generating 42% of the city’s industrial revenue.
By the 1940s, High Point had solidified its role in the textile industry, housing two cotton mills and 27 hosiery mills. Founded in 1928, the Adams-Millis Corporation became the largest private label hosiery manufacturer in the U.S., with sales reaching $200 million by 1988. This transformation from small family-owned factories to a major manufacturing hub marks a significant chapter in High Point’s industrial history.
Cultural and Economic Impact
High Point’s cultural and economic landscape was profoundly shaped by its industrial achievements and social movements. High Point, known as the furniture capital of the world, takes immense pride in its contributions to the home furnishings industry. However, the city’s significance extends beyond its economic prowess. The Woolworth’s sit-ins of 1960, led by Reverend Cox and inspired by similar protests in Greensboro, played a crucial role in the Civil Rights Movement. These nonviolent protests sought to end segregation in public spaces, ultimately leading to the desegregation of the Woolworth’s lunch counter.
The sit-ins garnered substantial media coverage, which helped spread awareness and inspire similar movements across the country. By the end of March 1960, sit-in movements had spread to 55 cities across 13 states, marking a significant momentum shift in the Civil Rights Movement. This period of activism left an indelible mark on High Point’s social fabric, fostering a sense of community and resilience that endures to this day.
In addition to its historical significance, High Point continues to engage the community through cultural hubs like Congdon Yards, which hosts events that encourage innovation and civic participation. The Visitor Center in downtown High Point features displays that highlight the city’s heritage and innovations, further cementing its status as a center of craftsmanship and cultural pride.
Education and Innovation
Education has long been a cornerstone of High Point’s development. High Point College, founded in 1924 through a collaboration between the Methodist Protestant Church and the city, marked the beginning of a long tradition of academic excellence. On October 9, 1991, this institution became High Point University, reflecting its growth and expanded educational offerings. Since 2005, the university has invested heavily in campus improvements, constructing 90 new buildings to better serve its students.
Today, High Point University offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs, including online and evening classes, catering to a diverse student body and fostering a culture of innovation and lifelong learning. This commitment to education and innovation continues to play a vital role in shaping the future of High Point, ensuring that the city remains a hub of intellectual and cultural activity.
High Point During Key Historical Events
High Point’s history includes key events that have shaped its identity. The Woolworth’s sit-ins of 1960, led by Reverend Cox and inspired by the Greensboro sit-ins, were a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement. These protests, which aimed to end segregation in public spaces, ultimately led to the desegregation of the Woolworth’s lunch counter, marking a significant victory for the movement. The civil rights movement played a significant role in shaping High Point’s social landscape, particularly in the 1960s.
In addition to its role in the Civil Rights Movement, High Point has also been influenced by other historical events. The city’s strategic location along the North Carolina Railroad made it a crucial transportation hub during the 19th century, facilitating the movement of goods and people. This connectivity significantly contributed to High Point’s development during the Industrial Revolution, boosting its economic growth and industrial expansion.
High Point’s rich history is preserved and celebrated today through various landmarks and institutions. The High Point Museum and the World’s Largest Chest of Drawers offer glimpses into the city’s past, providing both residents and visitors with a deeper understanding of High Point’s historical journey.
Preserving History Today
Preserving High Point’s rich history is a collective effort involving the community and various institutions. The High Point Museum plays a pivotal role, offering exhibits and programs that highlight the city’s heritage and contributions to various industries. The museum, along with other historical landmarks like the World’s Largest Chest of Drawers, serves as a testament to High Point’s storied past and its ongoing legacy.
Community activities help keep High Point’s history alive and accessible. Combined with events like the High Point Market, these efforts ensure that the city’s rich history is both preserved and celebrated by future generations.
Engaging with High Point’s Heritage
Engaging with High Point’s heritage allows both residents and visitors to connect with the city’s rich history. The High Point Historical Society hosts virtual programs that explore historical topics and their relevance to current events, providing valuable context and insights. These programs cover themes from significant anniversaries to local civic contributions, fostering a deeper understanding of High Point’s past.
The Historic Preservation Commission plays a key role in recognizing and honoring significant contributions to High Point’s history. The commission evaluates requests for historic markers, which must adhere to a uniform design and be placed in visible public areas. While the City of High Point does not fund the installation of these markers, private organizations or individuals often step in to support these efforts. This collaborative approach ensures that High Point’s historical milestones are appropriately commemorated and accessible to all.
How Residents and Visitors Can Engage with High Point’s Past
There are numerous ways for residents and visitors to immerse themselves in High Point’s past. Visiting the High Point Museum offers an in-depth look at the city’s history, covering everything from its early days as a transportation hub to its rise as a furniture and textile industry leader. The museum provides a comprehensive overview of High Point’s evolution, making it an essential stop for anyone interested in local history.
Besides the museum, the World’s Largest Chest of Drawers is another iconic landmark showcasing High Point’s unique heritage. This whimsical structure serves as a symbol of the city’s status as the furniture capital of the world and offers a fun and educational experience for visitors of all ages.
Other notable sites include the High Point Theatre, which hosts a variety of cultural events, and the High Point Public Library, which offers resources and programs that delve into the city’s rich history.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Why was High Point named as such?
High Point was named because it is the highest point on the North Carolina Railroad line. This distinctive geographical feature contributed to its identity and significance.
What makes the High Point Market significant?
The High Point Market is significant as the largest home furnishings industry trade show globally, drawing over 75,000 attendees each year and providing substantial economic benefits to the surrounding region.
How did the textile industry contribute to High Point’s growth?
The textile industry significantly contributed to High Point’s growth by establishing numerous mills in the early 1900s, generating substantial industrial revenue and solidifying the city’s reputation as a key player in North Carolina’s textile sector.
What role did High Point play in the Civil Rights Movement?
High Point played a vital role in the Civil Rights Movement, notably through the Woolworth’s sit-ins of 1960, which sought to end segregation and successfully led to the desegregation of the lunch counter. This event marked a significant step toward civil rights and equality in public spaces.
Summary
High Point, North Carolina, is a city rich in history and innovation. From its early days as a crucial transportation hub to its evolution into the “Furniture Capital of the World,” High Point’s journey is marked by significant industrial growth and cultural milestones. The city’s role in the Civil Rights Movement, particularly the Woolworth’s sit-ins, underscores its importance in shaping social change. High Point University continues to drive educational excellence and innovation, contributing to the city’s vibrant community.
Preserving and engaging with High Point’s heritage is a collective effort that involves historical landmarks, museums, and community activities. Notable sites like the High Point Museum and the World’s Largest Chest of Drawers offer glimpses into the city’s storied past, while events like the High Point Market celebrate its ongoing legacy.
